Commercial fishing groups sue 13 US tire makers over rubber preservative that’s deadly to salmon
FILE - Julann Spromberg, a research toxicologist with Ocean Associates Inc., working under contract with NOAA Fisheries, observes a salmon placed in a tank of clear water after it died from four hours of exposure to unfiltered highway runoff water on Oct. 20, 2014. The Environmental Protection Agency on Nov. 2, 2023, granted a petition submitted by Native American tribes in California and Washington state asking federal regulators to prohibit the use of the chemical 6PPD in tires due to its lethal effect on salmon, steelhead trout, and other wildlife.
FILE- Junkyard employee Fabio Flores stacks up used tires at Aadlen Brothers Auto Wrecking, also known as U Pick Parts, in the Sun Valley section of Los Angeles on Nov. 19, 2015. The 13 largest U.S. tire manufacturers are facing a lawsuit from a pair of California commercial fishing organizations that could force the companies to either remove a chemical found in almost every tire that kills migrating salmon or obtain a permit to lawfully harvest species.
FILE - Spare tires are seen on a long row of unsold 2020 Wranglers sit at a Jeep dealership in Englewood, Colo., on April 26, 2020. The 13 largest U.S. tire manufacturers are facing a lawsuit from a pair of California commercial fishing organizations that could force the companies to either remove a chemical found in almost every tire that kills migrating salmon or obtain a permit to lawfully harvest species.
FILE - A juvenile coho salmon is held by a fish biologist at the Lostine River on March 9, 2017, in northeastern Oregon. The Environmental Protection Agency on Nov. 2, 2023, granted a petition submitted by Native American tribes in California and Washington state asking federal regulators to prohibit the use of the chemical 6PPD in tires due to its lethal effect on salmon, steelhead trout, and other wildlife.
TACOMA, Wash. (AP) 鈥� The 13 largest U.S. tire manufacturers are facing a lawsuit from a pair of California commercial fishing organizations that could force the companies to stop using a chemical added to almost every tire because it kills migrating salmon.
Also found in footwear, synthetic turf and playground equipment, the rubber preservative 6PPD has been used in tires for 60 years. As tires wear, tiny particles of rubber are left behind on roads and parking lots, breaking down into a byproduct, 6PPD-quinone, that is deadly to salmon, steelhead trout and other aquatic wildlife when rains wash it into rivers.
鈥淭his is the biggest environmental disaster that the world doesn鈥檛 quite know about yet,鈥� said Elizabeth Forsyth, an attorney with the environmental law firm Earthjustice, which is representing the fishing groups. 鈥淚t鈥檚 causing devastating impacts to threatened and endangered species.鈥�
The Institute for Fisheries Resources and the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen鈥檚 Associations filed the lawsuit in U.S. District Court in San Francisco on Wednesday against Goodyear, Bridgestone, Continental and others.
In an emailed statement, Bridgestone spokesman Steve Kinkade said the company would not comment on the lawsuit, but that it 鈥渞emains committed to safety, quality and the environment and continues to invest in researching alternative and sustainably sourced materials in our products.鈥�
Several of the other tire makers did not immediately return emails seeking comment. The U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association, which is not named as a defendant, said in a statement last week that work is already underway to identify a chemical to replace 6PPD while still meeting federal safety standards. Forcing the companies to change too quickly would be bad for public safety and the economy, it said.
鈥淥ur members continue to research and develop alternative tire materials that ensure tire performance and do not compromise safety, consistent with our industry鈥檚 commitment to sustainability and respect for the environment,鈥� the association said in another statement Wednesday.
The fishing organizations filed the lawsuit a week after U.S. regulators said they would review the use of 6PPD in tires in response to a petition from three West Coast Native American tribes. Coho salmon appear to be especially sensitive to the preservative; it can kill them within hours, the tribes argued.
The tribes 鈥� the Yurok in California and the Port Gamble S鈥橩lallam and Puyallup tribes in Washington 鈥� asked the Environmental Protection Agency to prohibit 6PPD earlier this year.
The agency鈥檚 decision to grant the petition is the start of a long regulatory process that could see it banned 鈥� one of several effort on different fronts to recover salmon populations as well as the endangered killer whales in the Pacific Northwest that depend on them.
The chemical鈥檚 effect on human health is unknown, the EPA noted.
Forsyth said that as long as 6PPD remains in tires, the companies need a federal permit allowing them to harm species that are protected under the Endangered Species Act. To do so, they would have to show that they鈥檝e mitigated the harm to salmon to the fullest extent possible, which could mean funding stormwater improvements to keep the chemical from entering aquatic habitats.
No tire company has such a permit, the lawsuit said.
鈥淭his has been a problem that has been identified by the industry itself for more than a decade,鈥� said Glenn Spain, the northwest regional director at Institute for Fisheries Resources. 鈥淵ou can鈥檛 just sit on your thumbs and hope it will go away. It will not go away.鈥�
The commercial fishers represented by the groups depend on the fish for their livelihood, he said.
Replacing the chemical with another that will make rubber durable without killing fish is a tall task, but one the industry can tackle, Forsyth said: 鈥淲e鈥檙e the nation that figured out how to get lead out of gasoline and still have our cars run. It would shock and surprise me if we cannot make a tire that does not kill up to 100% of coho returning to their native streams.鈥�
Salmon spend their early months or years growing and feeding in freshwater streams and estuaries, before entering the ocean to spend the next few years foraging. They then return to the streams where they were born to spawn.
The chemical鈥檚 effect on coho was noted in 2020 by scientists in Washington state, who were studying why fish populations that had been restored in the Puget Sound years earlier were struggling.
鈥淭his chemical is ubiquitous in stormwater runoff,鈥� Forsyth said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and is ubiquitous at levels that can kill coho salmon and harm salmon and steelhead at very minute levels.鈥�